Publications

A list of publications can also be found on my CV as well as my google scholar page.

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles

• “Crevasse refreezing and signatures of retreat observed at Kamb Ice Stream grounding zone”, Nature Geoscience (2023)
  J. D. Lawrence, P. M. Washam, C. Stevens, C. Hulbe, H. J. Horgan, G. Dunbar, T. Calkin, C. Stewart, N. Robinson, A. D. Mullen, M. R. Meister, B. C. Hurwitz, E. Quartini, D. J. G. Dichek, A. Spears & B. E. Schmidt
  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01129-y (Open Access)

Fig 1. Integrated ROV observations illuminate ice, ocean and seafloor connections in a recently ungrounded region along the Kamb Ice Stream coast.

Fig 3. Supercooled water and refreezing in a basal crevasse.

• “Heterogeneous melting near the Thwaites Glacier grounding line”, Nature (2023)
  BE Schmidt, P Washam, PED Davis, KW Nicholls, DM Holland, JD Lawrence, KL Riverman, JA Smith, A Spears, DJG Dichek, AD Mullen, E Clyne, B Yeager, P Anker, MR Meister, BC Hurwitz, ES Quartini, FE Bryson, A Basinski, C Thomas, J Wake, DG Vaughan, S Anandakrishnan, E Rignot, J Paden, K Makinson
  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05691-0 (Open Access)

Fig 1. Warm water reaches near the ice base and retreating Grounding Line of the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf. (Ocean thermal driving measured beneath the Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica by the underwater robot Icefin.)

Extended Data Fig 8. Topography of terraces under the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf demonstrates strongly asymmetric melting and melt processes.

• “Suppressed basal melting in the eastern Thwaites Glacier grounding zone”, Nature (2023)
  PED Davis, KW Nicholls, DM Holland, BE Schmidt, P Washam, KL Riverman, RJ Arthern, I Vaňková, C Eayrs, JA Smith, PGD Anker, AD Mullen, D Dichek, JD Lawrence, MR Meister, E Clyne, A Basinski-Ferris, E Rignot, BY Queste, L Boehme, KJ Heywood, S Anandakrishnan, K Makinson
  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05586-0 (Open Access)

Fig 1. Map of Thwaites Glacier and location of the observations used in this study.

Fig 3. Temporal evolution of hydrographic conditions, meltwater content and basal melt rate.

Fig 4. Cross-sections and vertical profiles of current speed and direction. (Ocean currents measured beneath the Thwaites Glacier by the underwater robot Icefin.)

• “Subsurface Science and Search for Life in Ocean Worlds”, Planetary Science Journal (2023)
  JD Lawrence (co-lead), AD Mullen (co-lead), FE Bryson, CJ Chivers, AM Hanna, T Plattner, EM Spiers, JS Bowman, JJ Buffo, JL Burnett, CE Carr, DJ Dichek, KHG Hughson, W King, EG Lightsey, E Ingall, J McKaig, MR Meister, S Pierson, Y Tomar, BE Schmidt
  https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/aca6ed (Open Access)
  

Fig 1. Conceptual diagram of the SSSLOW payload. (A life detection package concept for future sub-surface missions to “Ocean Worlds” such as Europa and Enceladus.)

• “Protected fish spawning aggregations as self-replenishing reservoirs for regional recovery”, Proceedings of the Royal Society B (2023)
  BC Stock, AD Mullen, JS Jaffe, A Candelmo, SA Heppell, CV Pattengill-Semmens, CM McCoy, BC Johnson, BX Semmens
  https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0551
  

• “Development of the Miniature Robotic Electrodialysis (MR ED) System for Small-Scale Desalting of Liquid Samples With Recovery of Organics”, Earth and Space Science (2023) FE Bryson, ED Ingall, AM Hanna, M Cardelino, T Plattner, MR Meister, JD Lawrence, AD Mullen, D Dichek, BE Schmidt
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002620 (Open Access)
  

• “Underwater Microscopy for In Situ Studies of Benthic Ecosystems”, Nature Communications (2016)
  AD Mullen (co-lead), T Treibitz (co-lead), PLD Roberts, ELA Kelly, R Horwitz, JE Smith, JS Jaffe
  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12093 (Open Access)
  

Fig 1. Benthic Underwater Microscope design and operation.

Fig 3. Images captured by the Benthic Underwater Microscope. Main figure scale bars = 500 μm. Inset scale bars = 50 μm.

• “Issues of sustainability of coastal groundwater resources: Benin, West Africa”, Sustainability (2010)
  SE Silliman, BI Borum, M Boukari, N Yalo, S Orou-Oete, D McInnis, C Fertenbaugh, AD Mullen
  https://doi.org/10.3390/su2082652 (Open Access)

Fig 1. Benin, West Africa (a), with an enlargement of the coastal region representing the focus of this study (b).

Fig 7. Location map of shallow aquifer samples.

PhD Thesis

• “Underwater Microscopic Imaging & Velocimetry for In Situ Studies of Benthic Marine Environments”, University of California San Diego (2018)
  AD Mullen
  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p03v5t1 (Open Access)

Underwater Micro-PTV system.

Particle tracking, 500 μm scale bar.

Time averaged velocity field, 500 μm scale bar.

Conference Articles

• “A low-cost, submersible, digital holographic microscope for in situ microbial imaging”, Optical Society of America, Optics and Photonics for Sensing the Environment (2021)
  AJ Ramirez, BW Schierman, L Zheng, BM Dalporto, L Belvin, TP Burch, AD Mullen, JK Wallace
  https://doi.org/10.1364/AIS.2021.JTu5A.18

• “Vertical Entry Robot for Navigating Europa (VERNE) mission and system design”, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, ASCEND 2020 (2020)
  FE Bryson, M Nassif, PA Szot, CJ Chivers, N Daniel, BE Wiley, T Plattner, A Hanna, Y Tomar, S Rapoport, EM Spiers, S Pierson, A Hodges, J Lawrence, AD Mullen, D Dichek, K Hughson, MR Meister, EG Lightsey, BE Schmidt
  https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-4061

Fig 2. VERNE concept of operations for drilling through Europa’s the ice shell.

Fig 4. VERNE vehicle conceptual design.

Fig 9. Pumped fluid loop design.

• “Antarctic Deep Field Deployments and Design of the Icefin ROV”, IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society, Global OCEANS 2020 (2020)
  M Meister, D Dichek, A Spears, B Hurwitz, F Bryson, AD Mullen, J Lawrence, P Washam, E Quartini, S Lopez, L Kassabian, P Anker, D Mandeno, BE Schmidt
  https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf38699.2020.9389361

• “CTD-on-a-Chip: High-Precision Polar In-situ Interfacial Data Collection”, IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society, Global OCEANS 2020 (2020)
  B Hurwitz, M Thomas, JD Lawrence, P Washam, MR Meister, DJ Dichek, AD Mullen, AM Spears, K Haas, BE Schmidt
  https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf38699.2020.9389175

• “A Configurable Solid Sampling System for AUV/ROV Icefin”, IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society, Global OCEANS 2020 (2020)
  F Bryson, MR Meister, DJ Dichek, AD Mullen, BC Hurwitz, JD Lawrence, AM Spears, P Washam, ES Quartini, L Kassabian, S Lopez, BE Schmidt
  https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf38699.2020.9389075

• “A Robust Compact Water Sampler For Underwater Robotic Vehicles”, IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society, Global OCEANS 2020 (2020)
  AD Mullen, DJG Dichek, JD Lawrence, MR Meister, FE Bryson, BC Hurwitz, AM Spears, PM Washam, E Quartini, BE Schmidt
  https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf38699.2020.9389327

Fig 3. Sequential steps of the manifold design and fabrication: digital design, 3D printed manifold, 3D printed manifold with support structures removed, tapping threads, and mounting components.

Fig 2. Image of the water sampler, 135 x 210 x 235 mm in size.

• “An Underwater Microscope for In Situ Imaging of Seafloor Organism”, Optical Society of America, Novel Techniques in Microscopy (2017)
  AD Mullen, T Treibitz, PLD Roberts, JS Jaffe
  https://doi.org/10.1364/ntm.2017.ntu1c.1

Extended Abstracts

• “Mapping fine-scale dispersal of Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus) eggs from a spawning aggregation with a novel plankton imaging system.” 70th Annual Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (Nov 2017)
  Stock BC, Mullen A, Roberts P, Jaffe JS, Pattengill-Semmens C, McCoy C, and Semmens BX. http://proceedings.gcfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/70-GCFI-PDF-44.pdf

• “Fine-scale dispersal of eggs from a Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) spawning aggregation.” 69th Annual Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (Nov 2016)
  Stock BC, Mullen A, Roberts P, Jaffe JS, Waterhouse L, Pattengill-Semmens C, McCoy C, and Semmens BX. http://proceedings.gcfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/GCFI_69_97.pdf

White Papers

• “Enabling progress towards life detection on NASA missions”, Whitepaper #260 Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032 (2020)
  BE Schmidt, SS Johnson, T Hoehler, H Graham, J Bowman, S Som, L Barge, N Cabrol, A Pavlov, A Pontefract, A Stockton, B Orcutt, B Nunn, C Foreman, D Stillman, E Shock, F Kenig, G Love, K Bergmann, P Sobron, R Mathies, R Hatzenpichler, S Yu, W Swingley, D Jones, J Lawrence, F Bryson, E Spiers, C Chivers, T Plattner, A Mullen, A Hanna, J Buffo
  https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.77a5ad8e

• “Dive, dive, dive: Accessing the Subsurface of Ocean Worlds”, Whitepaper #246 Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032 (2020)
  B Schmidt, K Craft, T Cwik, K Zacny, M Smith, V Singh, B Stone, F Bryson, C Chivers, S Pierson, J Lawrence, T Plattner, E Spiers, A Mullen, J Buffo, N Daniel, A Hanna, G Lightsey, M Meister, M Nassif, D Dichek, A Spears https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.ffef076e